EEG spectral power and sleepiness during 24h of sustained wakefulness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract 

Objective

This study investigated if obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with higher activity in different frequency bands of the EEG during a sustained wakefulness paradigm.

Methods

Twelve OSA patients and 8 healthy controls were studied with the Karolinska Drowsiness Test (KDT) and subjective ratings of sleepiness (VAS and KSS) conducted every hour during 24h of sustained wakefulness.

Results

The waking EEG activity, mainly in the low (0.5–7.8Hz) and fast (12.7–29.2Hz) frequency band, increased as time awake progressed in both groups but more obviously in OSA patients. A similar pattern was observed for rated sleepiness in both groups. Moreover, VAS ratings of alertness were closely related to the awake theta, fast alpha and beta bands in controls but not in OSA patients.

Conclusions

OSAS was associated with a wake-dependent increase in low (0.5–7.8Hz) and fast (12.7–29.2Hz) frequency range activity. Variations in behavioural sleepiness measured by VAS ratings closely reflect most of the waking EEG parameters in controls but not in OSA patients.

Significance

In a sustained wakefulness paradigm, higher activity in delta, theta and beta bands associated with OSAS indicates that OSA patients show marked signs of higher sleepiness and stronger efforts than controls to stay awake, even though they tend to underestimate their sleepiness.

Keywords: Daytime sleepiness, EEG, Sleep apnea, Spectral analysis, Sustained wakefulness, VAS